Losartan

Losartan – Baidu Health

Functions and indications:
Used to treat essential hypertension.

Usage and dosage:
The dosage and usage of different dosage forms and specifications of this product may vary. Please read the specific drug instructions for use, or follow the doctor’s advice. Losartan Potassium Tablets: 1. This product can be used together with other antihypertensive drugs. 2. This product can be taken with or without food. 3. For most patients, the usual starting and maintenance dose is 50 mg once a day. The maximum antihypertensive effect can be achieved after 3 to 6 weeks of treatment. In some patients, increasing the dose to 100 mg once a day can produce further antihypertensive effects. 4. For patients with insufficient vascular capacity (such as patients treated with high-dose diuretics), a starting dose of 25 mg once a day can be considered. 5. For elderly patients or patients with renal impairment, including patients on dialysis, there is no need to adjust the starting dose. 6. For patients with a history of liver damage, a lower dose should be considered. Losartan Potassium Capsules: 1. For most patients, the usual starting and maintenance dose is 50 mg once a day. The maximum antihypertensive effect can be achieved after 3 to 6 weeks of treatment. In some patients, increasing the dose to 100 mg once a day can produce further antihypertensive effects. For patients with insufficient vascular volume (such as patients treated with high-dose diuretics), a starting dose of 25 mg once a day can be considered. 2. For elderly patients or patients with renal impairment, including patients undergoing hemodialysis, there is no need to adjust the starting dose. 3. For patients with a history of liver damage, a lower dose should be considered. 4. This product can be used together with other antihypertensive drugs. 5. This product can be taken with or without food.

Adverse reactions:
1. Clinical trials have found that this product is well tolerated: adverse reactions are mild and short-lived, and generally do not require termination of treatment. The overall incidence of adverse reactions using this product is similar to that of placebo. In clinical controlled studies of essential hypertension, the incidence rate is ≥1%. The only adverse reaction related to the drug and with a higher incidence than placebo is dizziness. In addition, less than 1% of patients experience dose-related orthostatic hypotension. Although the incidence of rash in controlled clinical trials is lower than that of placebo, there are individual reports. In these clinical double-blind controlled studies of primary hypertension, adverse reactions with an incidence of 1% or more after the use of this product, regardless of whether they are drug-related, include: (1) Systemic: abdominal pain, weakness/fatigue, chest pain, edema/swelling. (2) Cardiovascular system: palpitations, tachycardia. (3) Digestive system: diarrhea, indigestion, nausea. (4) Musculoskeletal system: grief, muscle cramps. (5) Nervous/psychiatric system: dizziness, headache, insomnia. (6) Respiratory system: cough, nasal congestion, pharyngitis, sinus disorder, upper respiratory tract infection. 2. In addition to the above adverse events, at least two patients/subjects in clinical studies experienced serious adverse events or other adverse events with an incidence of less than 1% after using losartan. It cannot be determined whether these events have a causal relationship with losartan: (1) Systemic: facial edema, fever, postural hypotension, syncope. (2) Cardiovascular system: angina pectoris, second degree atrioventricular block, cardiovascular accident, hypotension, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation, palpitations, sinus bradycardia, tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation. (3) Digestive system: loss of appetite, constipation, toothache, dry mouth, flatulence, gastritis, vomiting. (4) Blood system: anemia. (5) Metabolism: gout. (6) Musculoskeletal system: arm pain, hip pain, joint swelling, knee pain, musculoskeletal pain, shoulder pain, stiffness, joint pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, myasthenia. (7) Nervous/psychiatric system: anxiety, anxiety disorder, ataxia, confusion, depression, abnormal dreams, dysesthesia, decreased libido, memory loss, migraine, nervousness, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, phobia, abnormal sleep, drowsiness, tremor, vertigo. (8) Respiratory system: dyspnea, bronchitis, pharyngeal discomfort, epistaxis, rhinitis, respiratory congestion. (9) Skin: hair loss, dermatitis, dry skin, eczema, erythema, flushing, photosensitivity, itching, rash, sweating, urticaria. (10) Special senses: blurred vision, burning and stinging sensation in the eyes, conjunctivitis, taste perversion, tinnitus, decreased visual acuity. (11) Urogenital system: impotence, nocturia, frequent urination, urinary tract infection. 3. In a controlled clinical trial conducted in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, this product was generally well tolerated, and the most common drug-related adverse reactions were dizziness, weakness/fatigue, and vertigo. 4. In the LIFE study, among patients without diabetes at baseline, the incidence of new diabetes in the losartan potassium group was lower than that in the atenolol group (242 vs. 320, respectively, p < 0.001). Because there was no placebo group in this study, it is unclear whether this result represents the benefit of losartan potassium or the adverse effects of atenolol. 5. In a controlled clinical trial conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria, this product was generally well tolerated. The most common drug-related adverse reactions were fatigue/tiredness, dizziness, hypotension and hyperkalemia. 6. Other adverse reactions reported after the product was marketed include: (1) Allergic reactions: Angioedema (including swelling of the larynx and glottis leading to airway obstruction, and/or swelling of the face, lips, pharynx and/or tongue) has been reported in a very small number of patients treated with losartan. Some of these patients had previously experienced angioedema due to taking other drugs including ACE inhibitors. Vasculitis, including Henoch-Schönlein purpura, has been rarely reported: (2) Gastrointestinal reactions: Hepatitis (rarely reported), abnormal liver function. (3) Blood system: anemia. (4) Musculoskeletal system: myalgia. (5) Nervous/psychiatric system: migraine, grand mal seizures. (6) Respiratory system: cough. (7) Skin: urticaria, itching. (8) Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia have been reported. (9) There is a spontaneous report of a drug-related death of unknown cause in China. 7. Laboratory test results: (1) In clinical controlled trials of primary hypertension, few patients using this product showed clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters. 1.5% of patients developed hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.5mEq/L). In a clinical study conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria, 9.9% and 3.4% of patients in the losartan group and placebo group, respectively, developed hyperkalemia. (2) Elevation of ALT is rare and returns to normal after discontinuation of the drug. (3) Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen: In patients with primary hypertension, a slight increase in blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine was observed in less than 0.1% of patients using this product alone. (4) Hemoglobin and hematocrit: Decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit were common in patients treated with this drug alone (average decreases of approximately 0.11% g and 0.09% volume, respectively), but were rarely clinically important and no patient discontinued medication due to anemia. (5) Liver function tests: Occasionally, liver enzymes and/or serum bilirubin were elevated. Among patients with essential hypertension treated with this drug alone, one patient (<0.1) discontinued medication due to these laboratory adverse reactions. Contraindications: This drug is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to any component of this drug.